Fusion Gene Studies
in Kim Lab

FusionBase FusionGDB FusionGDB2 FusionPDB FusionNeoAntigen FusionAI FusionNW FGviewer Publication Contact
FusionGDB Logo

Home

Download

Statistics

Examples

Help

Contact

Center for Computational Systems Medicine
leaf

Fusion Gene Summary

leaf

Fusion Gene ORF analysis

leaf

Fusion Genomic Features

leaf

Fusion Protein Features

leaf

Fusion Gene Sequence

leaf

Fusion Gene PPI analysis

leaf

Related Drugs

leaf

Related Diseases

Fusion gene:PRKACB-MARK2 (FusionGDB2 ID:HG5567TG2011)

Fusion Gene Summary for PRKACB-MARK2

check button Fusion gene summary
Fusion gene informationFusion gene name: PRKACB-MARK2
Fusion gene ID: hg5567tg2011
HgeneTgene
Gene symbol

PRKACB

MARK2

Gene ID

5567

2011

Gene nameprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit betamicrotubule affinity regulating kinase 2
SynonymsPKA C-beta|PKACBEMK-1|EMK1|PAR-1|Par-1b|Par1b
Cytomap('PRKACB')('MARK2')

1p31.1

11q13.1

Type of geneprotein-codingprotein-coding
DescriptioncAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit betacAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic beta subunit isoform 4abprotein kinase A catalytic subunit betaprotein kinase, cAMP-dependent, beta catalytic subunitprotein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic,serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2ELKL motif kinase 1MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2PAR1 homolog bSer/Thr protein kinase PAR-1Bserine/threonine protein kinase EMKtesticular tissue protein Li 117
Modification date2020031320200329
UniProtAcc..
Ensembl transtripts involved in fusion geneENST00000470673, ENST00000370685, 
ENST00000370680, ENST00000370682, 
ENST00000370688, ENST00000370689, 
ENST00000394838, ENST00000394839, 
Fusion gene scores* DoF score9 X 7 X 4=2527 X 6 X 3=126
# samples 910
** MAII scorelog2(9/252*10)=-1.48542682717024
possibly effective Gene in Pan-Cancer Fusion Genes (peGinPCFGs).
DoF>8 and MAII<0
log2(10/126*10)=-0.333423733725192
possibly effective Gene in Pan-Cancer Fusion Genes (peGinPCFGs).
DoF>8 and MAII<0
Context

PubMed: PRKACB [Title/Abstract] AND MARK2 [Title/Abstract] AND fusion [Title/Abstract]

Most frequent breakpointPRKACB(84610231)-MARK2(63662630), # samples:1
Anticipated loss of major functional domain due to fusion event.PRKACB-MARK2 seems lost the major protein functional domain in Hgene partner, which is a cell metabolism gene due to the frame-shifted ORF.
PRKACB-MARK2 seems lost the major protein functional domain in Hgene partner, which is a IUPHAR drug target due to the frame-shifted ORF.
PRKACB-MARK2 seems lost the major protein functional domain in Hgene partner, which is a kinase due to the frame-shifted ORF.
PRKACB-MARK2 seems lost the major protein functional domain in Tgene partner, which is a IUPHAR drug target due to the frame-shifted ORF.
PRKACB-MARK2 seems lost the major protein functional domain in Tgene partner, which is a kinase due to the frame-shifted ORF.
* DoF score (Degree of Frequency) = # partners X # break points X # cancer types
** MAII score (Major Active Isofusion Index) = log2(# samples/DoF score*10)

check button Gene ontology of each fusion partner gene with evidence of Inferred from Direct Assay (IDA) from Entrez
PartnerGeneGO IDGO termPubMed ID
HgenePRKACB

GO:0006468

protein phosphorylation

12420224|21880142

TgeneMARK2

GO:0006468

protein phosphorylation

14976552

TgeneMARK2

GO:0010976

positive regulation of neuron projection development

12429843

TgeneMARK2

GO:0018105

peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

10542369|16717194

TgeneMARK2

GO:0030010

establishment of cell polarity

12429843

TgeneMARK2

GO:0035556

intracellular signal transduction

14976552

TgeneMARK2

GO:0045197

establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

15324659

TgeneMARK2

GO:0070507

regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization

10542369



check button Fusion gene information
* All genome coordinats were lifted-over on hg19.
* Click on the break point to see the gene structure around the break point region using the UCSC Genome Browser.
SourceDiseaseSampleHgeneHchrHbpHstrandTgeneTchrTbpTstrand
ChimerDB4STADTCGA-KB-A6F7PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+


Top

Fusion Gene ORF analysis for PRKACB-MARK2

check button Open reading frame (ORF) analsis of fusion genes based on Ensembl gene isoform structure.
* Click on the break point to see the gene structure around the break point region using the UCSC Genome Browser.
ORFHenstTenstHgeneHchrHbpHstrandTgeneTchrTbpTstrand
3UTR-3CDSENST00000470673ENST00000377809PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-3CDSENST00000470673ENST00000402010PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-3CDSENST00000470673ENST00000413835PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-5UTRENST00000470673ENST00000315032PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-5UTRENST00000470673ENST00000350490PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-5UTRENST00000470673ENST00000361128PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-5UTRENST00000470673ENST00000377810PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-5UTRENST00000470673ENST00000502399PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-5UTRENST00000470673ENST00000508192PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-5UTRENST00000470673ENST00000509502PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-5UTRENST00000470673ENST00000513765PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-intronENST00000470673ENST00000408948PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
3UTR-intronENST00000470673ENST00000425897PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
5CDS-5UTRENST00000370685ENST00000315032PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
5CDS-5UTRENST00000370685ENST00000350490PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
5CDS-5UTRENST00000370685ENST00000361128PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
5CDS-5UTRENST00000370685ENST00000377810PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
5CDS-5UTRENST00000370685ENST00000502399PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
5CDS-5UTRENST00000370685ENST00000508192PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
5CDS-5UTRENST00000370685ENST00000509502PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
5CDS-5UTRENST00000370685ENST00000513765PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
5CDS-intronENST00000370685ENST00000408948PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
5CDS-intronENST00000370685ENST00000425897PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
Frame-shiftENST00000370685ENST00000377809PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
Frame-shiftENST00000370685ENST00000402010PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
Frame-shiftENST00000370685ENST00000413835PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370680ENST00000377809PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370680ENST00000402010PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370680ENST00000413835PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370682ENST00000377809PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370682ENST00000402010PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370682ENST00000413835PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370688ENST00000377809PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370688ENST00000402010PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370688ENST00000413835PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370689ENST00000377809PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370689ENST00000402010PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000370689ENST00000413835PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000394838ENST00000377809PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000394838ENST00000402010PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000394838ENST00000413835PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000394839ENST00000377809PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000394839ENST00000402010PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-3CDSENST00000394839ENST00000413835PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370680ENST00000315032PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370680ENST00000350490PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370680ENST00000361128PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370680ENST00000377810PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370680ENST00000502399PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370680ENST00000508192PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370680ENST00000509502PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370680ENST00000513765PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370682ENST00000315032PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370682ENST00000350490PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370682ENST00000361128PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370682ENST00000377810PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370682ENST00000502399PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370682ENST00000508192PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370682ENST00000509502PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370682ENST00000513765PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370688ENST00000315032PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370688ENST00000350490PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370688ENST00000361128PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370688ENST00000377810PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370688ENST00000502399PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370688ENST00000508192PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370688ENST00000509502PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370688ENST00000513765PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370689ENST00000315032PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370689ENST00000350490PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370689ENST00000361128PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370689ENST00000377810PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370689ENST00000502399PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370689ENST00000508192PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370689ENST00000509502PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000370689ENST00000513765PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394838ENST00000315032PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394838ENST00000350490PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394838ENST00000361128PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394838ENST00000377810PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394838ENST00000502399PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394838ENST00000508192PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394838ENST00000509502PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394838ENST00000513765PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394839ENST00000315032PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394839ENST00000350490PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394839ENST00000361128PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394839ENST00000377810PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394839ENST00000502399PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394839ENST00000508192PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394839ENST00000509502PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-5UTRENST00000394839ENST00000513765PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000370680ENST00000408948PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000370680ENST00000425897PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000370682ENST00000408948PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000370682ENST00000425897PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000370688ENST00000408948PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000370688ENST00000425897PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000370689ENST00000408948PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000370689ENST00000425897PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000394838ENST00000408948PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000394838ENST00000425897PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000394839ENST00000408948PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+
intron-intronENST00000394839ENST00000425897PRKACBchr1

84610231

+MARK2chr11

63662630

+

check buttonORFfinder result based on the fusion transcript sequence of in-frame fusion genes.
HenstTenstHgeneHchrHbpHstrandTgeneTchrTbpTstrandSeq length
(transcript)
BP loci
(transcript)
Predicted start
(transcript)
Predicted stop
(transcript)
Seq length
(amino acids)

check buttonDeepORF prediction of the coding potential based on the fusion transcript sequence of in-frame fusion genes. DeepORF is a coding potential classifier based on convolutional neural network by comparing the real Ribo-seq data. If the no-coding score < 0.5 and coding score > 0.5, then the in-frame fusion transcript is predicted as being likely translated.
HenstTenstHgeneHchrHbpHstrandTgeneTchrTbpTstrandNo-coding scoreCoding score

Top

Fusion Genomic Features for PRKACB-MARK2


check buttonFusionAI prediction of the potential fusion gene breakpoint based on the pre-mature RNA sequence context (+/- 5kb of individual partner genes, total 20kb length sequence). FusionAI is a fusion gene breakpoint classifier based on convolutional neural network by comparing the fusion positive and negative sequence context of ~ 20K fusion gene data. From here, we can have the relative potentency of the 20K genomic sequence how individual sequnce will be likely used as the gene fusion breakpoints.
HgeneHchrHbpHstrandTgeneTchrTbpTstrand1-pp (fusion gene breakpoint)
PRKACBchr184610231+MARK2chr1163662626+4.14E-081
PRKACBchr184610231+MARK2chr1163662626+4.14E-081


check buttonDistribution of 44 human genomic features loci across 20kb length fusion breakpoint regions that are ovelapped with the top 1% feature importance score regions. More details are in help page.
genomic feature of top 1%

Top

Fusion Protein Features for PRKACB-MARK2


check button Four levels of functional features of fusion genes
Go to FGviewer search page for the most frequent breakpoint (https://ccsmweb.uth.edu/FGviewer/:84610231/:63662630)
- FGviewer provides the online visualization of the retention search of the protein functional features across DNA, RNA, protein, and pathological levels.
- How to search
1. Put your fusion gene symbol.
2. Press the tab key until there will be shown the breakpoint information filled.
4. Go down and press 'Search' tab twice.
4. Go down to have the hyperlink of the search result.
5. Click the hyperlink.
6. See the FGviewer result for your fusion gene.
FGviewer

check buttonMain function of each fusion partner protein. (from UniProt)
HgeneTgene
..
FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator which is required for calcium-dependent dendritic growth and branching in cortical neurons. Recruits CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) to nuclear bodies. Component of the CREST-BRG1 complex, a multiprotein complex that regulates promoter activation by orchestrating a calcium-dependent release of a repressor complex and a recruitment of an activator complex. In resting neurons, transcription of the c-FOS promoter is inhibited by BRG1-dependent recruitment of a phospho-RB1-HDAC1 repressor complex. Upon calcium influx, RB1 is dephosphorylated by calcineurin, which leads to release of the repressor complex. At the same time, there is increased recruitment of CREBBP to the promoter by a CREST-dependent mechanism, which leads to transcriptional activation. The CREST-BRG1 complex also binds to the NR2B promoter, and activity-dependent induction of NR2B expression involves a release of HDAC1 and recruitment of CREBBP (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator which is required for calcium-dependent dendritic growth and branching in cortical neurons. Recruits CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) to nuclear bodies. Component of the CREST-BRG1 complex, a multiprotein complex that regulates promoter activation by orchestrating a calcium-dependent release of a repressor complex and a recruitment of an activator complex. In resting neurons, transcription of the c-FOS promoter is inhibited by BRG1-dependent recruitment of a phospho-RB1-HDAC1 repressor complex. Upon calcium influx, RB1 is dephosphorylated by calcineurin, which leads to release of the repressor complex. At the same time, there is increased recruitment of CREBBP to the promoter by a CREST-dependent mechanism, which leads to transcriptional activation. The CREST-BRG1 complex also binds to the NR2B promoter, and activity-dependent induction of NR2B expression involves a release of HDAC1 and recruitment of CREBBP (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.

check buttonRetention analysis result of each fusion partner protein across 39 protein features of UniProt such as six molecule processing features, 13 region features, four site features, six amino acid modification features, two natural variation features, five experimental info features, and 3 secondary structure features. Here, because of limited space for viewing, we only show the protein feature retention information belong to the 13 regional features. All retention annotation result can be downloaded at

download page


* Minus value of BPloci means that the break pointn is located before the CDS.
- In-frame and retained protein feature among the 13 regional features.
PartnerGeneHbpTbpENSTStrandBPexonTotalExonProtein feature loci*BPlociTotalLenProtein featureProtein feature note

- In-frame and not-retained protein feature among the 13 regional features.
PartnerGeneHbpTbpENSTStrandBPexonTotalExonProtein feature loci*BPlociTotalLenProtein featureProtein feature note


Top

Fusion Gene Sequence for PRKACB-MARK2


check button For in-frame fusion transcripts, we provide the fusion transcript sequences and fusion amino acid sequences. To have fusion amino acid sequence, we ran ORFfinder and chose the longest ORF among the all predicted ones.

Top

Fusion Gene PPI Analysis for PRKACB-MARK2


check button Go to ChiPPI (Chimeric Protein-Protein interactions) to see the chimeric PPI interaction in

ChiPPI page.


check button Protein-protein interactors with each fusion partner protein in wild-type (BIOGRID-3.4.160)
HgeneHgene's interactorsTgeneTgene's interactors


check button - Retained PPIs in in-frame fusion.
PartnerGeneHbpTbpENSTStrandBPexonTotalExonProtein feature loci*BPlociTotalLenStill interaction with


check button - Lost PPIs in in-frame fusion.
PartnerGeneHbpTbpENSTStrandBPexonTotalExonProtein feature loci*BPlociTotalLenInteraction lost with


check button - Retained PPIs, but lost function due to frame-shift fusion.
PartnerGeneHbpTbpENSTStrandBPexonTotalExonProtein feature loci*BPlociTotalLenInteraction lost with


Top

Related Drugs for PRKACB-MARK2


check button Drugs targeting genes involved in this fusion gene.
(DrugBank Version 5.1.8 2021-05-08)
PartnerGeneUniProtAccDrugBank IDDrug nameDrug activityDrug typeDrug status

Top

Related Diseases for PRKACB-MARK2


check button Diseases associated with fusion partners.
(DisGeNet 4.0)
PartnerGeneDisease IDDisease name# pubmedsSource
HgenePRKACBC0005426Biliary Tract Neoplasm1CTD_human
HgenePRKACBC0009777Conn Adenoma1CTD_human
HgenePRKACBC0010481Cushing Syndrome1CTD_human
HgenePRKACBC0033578Prostatic Neoplasms1CTD_human
HgenePRKACBC0206667Adrenal Cortical Adenoma1CTD_human
HgenePRKACBC0206698Cholangiocarcinoma1CTD_human
HgenePRKACBC0345905Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma1CTD_human
HgenePRKACBC0376358Malignant neoplasm of prostate1CTD_human
HgenePRKACBC0750952Biliary Tract Cancer1CTD_human
HgenePRKACBC3805278Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma1CTD_human
TgeneC0036341Schizophrenia2PSYGENET
TgeneC0010606Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma1CTD_human
TgeneC0036095Salivary Gland Neoplasms1CTD_human
TgeneC0220636Malignant neoplasm of salivary gland1CTD_human